At the UN Sustainable Development Summit held in September 2015, "Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" was adopted. The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) are listed in the 2030 Agenda as its central part.
The SDGs are the international development goals that build on the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs), which were set in 2001. The MDGs, which set their target year in 2015, comprises 8 goals, including the eradication of extreme poverty, 21 targets, and indicators to monitor and evaluate the progress. During the 15 years from 2001 to 2015, huge changes in global circumstances have happened, especially in the environmental and social areas, and it has been required to respond to these issues. The SDGs were formed from the necessity to respond to these issues.
The SDGs, comprises 17 goals, 169 targets, and indicators, which cover the various issues, such as the development goals including poverty and health, reducing inequality domestically and among countries, universal access to energy, tackling climate change, conservation of biological diversity, and sustainable consumption and production patterns, and are to be achieved by 2030.
Afterward, based on the SDGs set by the United Nations, each country determines its national targets while considering its domestic situations and priorities. Also, without the partnership between the diverse actors, including governments, civil society, private sectors, and international organizations, the SDGs cannot be achieved. So, while organizing partnerships well, mobilizing information, expert knowledge, technology, and finance, will be required.
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt
and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development